*Doses are commonly-reported figures from public sources, not a recommendation. Educational only.
| Year | Title / venue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Antimicrobial Peptides of the Cathelicidin Family: Focus on LL-37 and Its Modifications International journal of molecular sciences · preclinical | PMID 40869425 |
| 2025 | Decoding LL-37: Structure and antimicrobial mechanisms against microbial threats Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · preclinical | PMID 41270816 |
| 2025 | Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential of LL-37 Derivatives: Recent Developments and Challenges ACS biomaterials science & engineering · preclinical | PMID 40423576 |
| 2025 | Vitamin D-inducible antimicrobial peptide LL-37 binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike and accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF8 Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · preclinical | PMID 41064641 |
| 2024 | LL-37: Structures, Antimicrobial Activity, and Influence on Amyloid-Related Diseases Biomolecules · preclinical | PMID 38540740 |
| 2024 | Between good and evil: Complexation of the human cathelicidin LL-37 with nucleic acids Biophysical journal · preclinical | PMID 37919905 |
| 2024 | LL-37 and bisphosphonate co-delivery 3D-scaffold with antimicrobial and antiresorptive activities for bone regeneration International journal of biological macromolecules · preclinical | PMID 39059543 |
| 2023 | Antifungal properties of cathelicidin LL-37: current knowledge and future research directions World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · preclinical | PMID 38057654 |
| 2023 | The LL-37 domain: A clue to cathelicidin immunomodulatory response? Peptides · preclinical | PMID 37068711 |
| 2022 | LL-37 transports immunoreactive cGAMP to activate STING signaling and enhance interferon-mediated host antiviral immunity Cell reports · preclinical | PMID 35649354 |
| 2021 | Antimicrobial Peptide, LL-37, And Its Potential As An Anti-HIV Agent Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale · preclinical | PMID 34600462 |
| 2020 | Therapeutic Potential of Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37, an Antimicrobial Agent, in a Murine Sepsis Model International journal of molecular sciences · preclinical | PMID 32825174 |
| 2020 | Cathelicidin LL-37 (an antimicrobial peptide)-induced colistin dependence in Acinetobacter baumannii Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · preclinical | PMID 32019695 |
| 2019 | Design of Antimicrobial Peptides: Progress Made with Human Cathelicidin LL-37 Advances in experimental medicine and biology · preclinical | PMID 30980360 |
| 2018 | Tissue-specific Regulation of Innate Immune Responses by Human Cathelicidin LL-37 Current pharmaceutical design · preclinical | PMID 29589544 |
| 2017 | Significance and Diagnostic Role of Antimicrobial Cathelicidins (LL-37) Peptides in Oral Health Biomolecules · preclinical | PMID 29206168 |
| 2016 | LL-37: Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with pleiotropic activity Pharmacological reports : PR · preclinical | PMID 27117377 |
| 2009 | The roles of cathelicidin LL-37 in immune defences and novel clinical applications Current opinion in hematology · preclinical | PMID 19068548 |
| 2006 | LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides Biochimica et biophysica acta · preclinical | PMID 16716248 |
| 2005 | The human cathelicidin LL-37: a multifunctional peptide involved in infection and inflammation in the lung Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics · preclinical | PMID 15939310 |
LL-37 (LL-37 (Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, hCAP18 fragment)). The sole human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial via membrane disruption, plus immunomodulatory and wound-healing/angiogenic signalling roles.
Commonly discussed uses: antimicrobial/immune research, biofilm and chronic-infection research. The evidence base is largely preclinical (animal/in-vitro); published randomised human clinical trials are lacking or absent. Note: most uses are not approved indications.
Mechanism: The sole human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial via membrane disruption, plus immunomodulatory and wound-healing/angiogenic signalling roles.
Reported considerations: limited human safety data, cytotoxicity at higher concentrations (in vitro). The evidence base is largely preclinical (animal/in-vitro); published randomised human clinical trials are lacking or absent. Research peptide. No established human therapeutic use or dosing. This is not a safety endorsement; safety data for unapproved compounds is incomplete.
Commonly cited ranges (educational reference, not a recommendation): low research-defined, typical no established human therapeutic dose, high research-defined. Administration: subcutaneous (research), topical (research). Half-life: short; rapidly degraded.
Australian status: Not ARTG-registered; research. Research peptide. No established human therapeutic use or dosing. General regulatory context: most active peptides are Schedule 4 and require a prescription; import via the Personal Importation Scheme requires a valid Australian prescription for prescription-only goods.
Reconstitution/storage reference: research-defined; storage: refrigerated/frozen aliquots.
Commonly discussed combinations (anecdotal for unapproved compounds): research peptide; no established protocols. Stacking increases interaction/safety uncertainty.